A bacterium is a single, but complicated, cell. Unlike viruses, bacteria can survive on its own, outside or inside the body.
Most bacteria aren’t toxic. In fact, we have numerous bacteria on and inside our body, particularly in the gut to aid digest food. But a few bacteria can cause different kinds of infections. Bacterial infections can affect the lungs, throat, bowel, skin and many others vital parts of our delicate body. Many are comparatively mild; some are incredibly severe.
What are the symptoms of a bacterial infection?
he symptoms of a bacterial infection will depend on the location of the infection and the type of bacteria.
There are some general signs of bacterial infection:
- fever
- feeling tired or fatigued
- swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, groin or elsewhere
- headache
- nausea or vomiting
What causes bacterial infections?
A bacterial infection occurs when bacteria enter the body, increase in number, and cause a reaction in the body. Bacteria can enter the body through an opening in your skin, such as a cut or a surgical wound, or through your airway and cause infections like bacterial pneumonia.
When should I see my doctor?
Signs that you may have a bacterial infection and should see doctor include:
- difficulty breathing
- a persistent cough, or coughing up pus
- unexplained redness or swelling of the skin
- a persistent fever
- frequent vomiting and trouble holding liquids down
- blood in urine, vomit or poo (stool)
- severe stomach pain or severe headache
- a cut or burn that is red or has pus
What are the complications of bacterial infections?
It’s important to seek treatment because an untreated bacterial infection can lead to serious problems.
For example, an untreated infected cut can cause cellulitis and a life-threatening condition called sepsis.
Sepsis (also known as ‘septicaemia’ or ‘blood poisoning’) is a serious blood infection that can lead to shock, organ failure and death if it’s not treated quickly.
Sepsis is always a medical emergency. Seek immediate medical attention if you have any of the following:
- fever
- chills
- uncontrolled shaking
- rapid breathing and heart rate
- tiredness
- headaches
How are bacterial infections treated?
Most bacterial infections can be effectively treated with antibiotics. They either kill bacteria or stop them multiplying. This helps the body’s immune system to fight the bacteria.
Your doctor’s choice of antibiotic will depend on the bacteria that is causing the infection. Antibiotics that work against a wide range of bacteria are called broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem so antibiotics may be prescribed only for serious bacterial infections.
